How long should a toast be?
Most occasions: 60-90 seconds is the sweet spot. Retirement and milestone birthdays can stretch to 2-3 minutes. Holiday dinner toasts should be 30 seconds. Long toasts lose the room.
Should I roast or honor?
Read the room. Close family events: gentle roasting can work. Corporate retirements: heartfelt only. Engagement parties: light humor is welcome. When in doubt, honor.
What if I tear up?
It's expected and welcome. Take a breath, sip your drink, and keep going. Audiences forgive emotion — they don't forgive bailing.
Should I say "Cheers" or "To {name}"?
Both work. "To Linda" is more formal and lands the honor. "Cheers to Linda" is warmer. Match your tone — formal events use "To...", casual events use "Cheers...".
Can I include inside jokes?
One that the close circle gets, paired with a sentence everyone else can follow. Too many inside references make outsiders feel excluded.